Saksono H.
Asset-Based Insights on Designing Fitness Promotion Techs in Boston’s Low-SES Neighborhoods, in ; 2021.
Publisher's VersionAbstract
The disproportionate burden of obesity among low-socioeconomic status (SES), Black, and Latinx households underscores the ever-increasing health disparities in the United States. This epidemic can be prevented by prioritizing physical activity interventions for these populations. However, many technology-based physical activity interventions were designed for the individuals rather than for the individuals amidst their social environment.
In this position paper, I report my eight-year research and technology designs processes. Although this research was not specifically guided by asset-based design principles, assets consistently emerged during the in-depth fieldwork. They include family relationships and caregiving communities. These assets appeared to influence the motivation to engage with health technologies and also enhance family physical activity self-efficacy. However, since my studies were not guided by asset-based design principles, some key assets may not be sufficiently identified. By participating in this workshop, I seek to collaboratively explore how to support communities to identify their assets and also how to translate assets into technology designs towards enhancing health equity.
Saksono H, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Hoffman JA, el-Nasr MS, Parker AG.
StoryMap: Using Social Modeling and Self-Modeling to Support Physical Activity Among Families of Low-SES Backgrounds, in
CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Yokahama, Japan: 2021 Proceedings ; 2021 :1-14.
Publisher's VersionAbstractPhysical activity (PA) is crucial for reducing the risk of obesity, an epidemic that disproportionately burdens families of low-socioeconomic status (SES). While fitness tracking tools can increase PA awareness, more work is needed to examine (1) how such tools can help people benefit from their social environment, and (2) how reflections can help enhance PA attitudes. We investigated how fitness tracking tools for families can support social modeling and self-modeling (through reflection), two critical processes in Social Cognitive Theory. We developed StoryMap, a novel fitness tracking app for families aimed at supporting both modes of modeling. Then, we conducted a five-week qualitative study evaluating StoryMap with 16 low-SES families. Our findings contribute an understanding of how social and self-modeling can be implemented in fitness tracking tools and how both modes of modeling can enhance key PA attitudes: self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Finally, we propose design recommendations for social personal informatics tools.
storymap_using_social_modeling_and_self-modeling_to_support_physical_activity_among_families_of_low-ses_backgrounds.pdf Zhang H, Dullerud N, Seyyed-Kalantari L, Morris Q, Joshi S, Ghassemi M.
An empirical framework for domain generalization in clinical settings, in
ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning. Virtual Event, UA ; 2021.
AbstractClinical machine learning models experience significantly degraded performance in datasets not seen during training, e.g., new hospitals or populations. Recent developments in domain generalization offer a promising solution to this problem by creating models that learn invariances across environments. In this work, we benchmark the performance of eight domain generalization methods on multi-site clinical time series and medical imaging data. We introduce a framework to induce synthetic but realistic domain shifts and sampling bias to stress-test these methods over existing nonhealthcare benchmarks. We find that current domain generalization methods do not achieve significant gains in out-of-distribution performance over empirical risk minimization on real-world medical imaging data, in line with prior work on general imaging datasets. However, a subset of realistic induced-shift scenarios in clinical time series data exhibit limited performance gains. We characterize these scenarios in detail, and recommend best practices for domain generalization in the clinical setting.
zhang_et_al._-_2021_-_an_empirical_framework_for_domain_generalization_i.pdf Ou H-C, Chen H, Jabbari S, Tambe M.
Active Screening for Recurrent Diseases: A Reinforcement Learning Approach. 20th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS). 2021.
AbstractActive screening is a common approach in controlling the spread of recurring infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and influenza. In this approach, health workers periodically select a subset of population for screening. However, given the limited number of health workers, only a small subset of the population can be visited in any given time period. Given the recurrent nature of the disease and rapid spreading, the goal is to minimize the number of infections over a long time horizon. Active screening can be formalized as a sequential combinatorial optimization over the network of people and their connections. The main computational challenges in this formalization arise from i) the combinatorial nature of the problem, ii) the need of sequential planning and iii) the uncertainties in the infectiousness states of the population.
ou_et_al._-_2021_-_active_screening_for_recurrent_diseases_a_reinfor.pdf Killian JA, Perrault A, Tambe M.
Beyond “To Act or Not to Act”: Fast Lagrangian Approaches to General Multi-Action Restless Bandits. IJCAI 2021 Workshop on AI for Social Good. 2021.
AbstractWe present a new algorithm and theoretical results for solving Multi-action Multi-armed Restless Bandits, an important but insufficiently studied generalization of traditional Multi-armed Restless Bandits (MARBs). Multi-action MARBs are capable of handling critical problem complexities often present in AI4SG domains like anti-poaching and healthcare, but that traditional MARBs fail to capture. Limited previous work on Multi-action MARBs has only been specialized to sub-problems. Here we derive BLam, an algorithm for general Multi-action MARBs using Lagrangian relaxation techniques and convexity to quickly converge to good policies via bound optimization. We also provide experimental results comparing BLam to baselines on a simulated distributions motivated by a real-world community health intervention task, achieving up to five-times speedups over more general methods without sacrificing performance.
Beyond “To Act or Not to Act”: Fast Lagrangian Approaches to General Multi-Action Restless Bandits Biswas A, Aggarwal G, Varakantham P, Tambe M.
Learning Restless Bandits in Application to Call-based Preventive Care Programs for Maternal Healthcare, in
IJCAI 2021 Workshop on AI for Social Good. ; 2021.
AbstractThis paper focuses on learning index-based policies in rest- less multi-armed bandits (RMAB) with applications to public health concerns such as maternal health. Maternal health is a very important public health concern. It refers to the health of women during their pregnancy, childbirth, and the post- natal period. Although maternal health has received significant attention [World Health Organization, 2015], the number of maternal deaths remains unacceptably high, mainly because of the delay in obtaining adequate care [Thaddeus and Maine, 1994]. Most maternal deaths can be prevented by providing timely preventive care information. However, such information is not easily accessible by underprivileged and low-income communities. For ensuring timely information, a non-profit organization, called ARMMAN [2015], carries out a free call-based program called mMitra for spreading preventive care information among pregnant women. Enrollment in this program happens through hospitals and non-government organizations. Each enrolled woman receives around 140 automated voice calls, throughout their pregnancy period and up to 12 months after childbirth. Each call equips women with critical life-saving healthcare information. This program pro- vides support for around 80 weeks. To achieve the vision of improving the well-being of the enrolled women, it is important to ensure that they listen to most of the information sent to them via the automated calls. However, the organization observed that, for many women, their engagement (i.e., the overall time they spend listening to the automated calls) gradually decreases. One way to improve their engagement is by providing an intervention (that would involve a personal visit by health-care worker). These interventions require the dedicated time of the health workers, which is often limited. Thus, only a small fraction of the overall enrolled women can be provided with interventions during a time period. More- over, the extent to which the engagement improves upon intervention varies among individuals. Hence, it is important to carefully choose the beneficiaries who should be provided interventions at a particular time period. This is a challenging problem owing to multiple key reasons: (i) Engagement of the individual beneficiaries is un- certain and changes organically over time; (ii) Improvement in the engagement of a beneficiary post-intervention is un- certain; (iii) Decision making with respect to interventions (which beneficiaries should have intervention) is sequential, i.e., decisions at a step have an impact on the state of beneficiaries and decisions to be taken at the next step; (iv) Number of interventions are budgeted and are significantly smaller than the total number of beneficiaries. Due to the uncertainty, sequential nature of decision making, and weak dependency amongst patients through a budget, existing research [Lee et al., 2019; Mate et al., 2020; Bhattacharya, 2018] in health interventions has justifiably employed RMABs. However, existing research focuses on the planning problem assuming a priori knowledge of the underlying uncertainty model, which can be quite challenging to obtain. Thus, we focus on learning intervention decisions in absence of the knowledge of underlying uncertainty.